Cloud computing has been one of the central technologies dramatically transforming the telecommunications industry. Communication Service Providers (CSPs) have worked together with Network Equipment Vendors (NEVs) to untether network applications and functionality from specialized proprietary hardware to Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) commodity hardware. With NEVs integrating Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), Virtual Network Functions Managers (VNFMs), and Virtual Infrastructure Managers (VIMs) into the underlying hardware, CSP cloud architecture has traditionally been highly secure and well optimized with vertically-integrated products or components. While this telco cloud architecture has been tried and tested, the entrance of public cloud services geared for CSPs has changed the outlook and potential for architectural modularity and service flexibility.
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